This was one of the topics discussed at the 15th Annual Conference of the European Network on Regional Labour Markets – ENRLMM, jointly organised by with the IWAK Institute of W. Goethe University in Frankfurt and the Eurispes Institute, held on 17-18 September 2020. The short article summarises interventions made by Claudia Plaimaier (3s – Austria), Michel van Smoorenburg (UWV – Netherlands), Andrew Dean (University of Exeter, UK) and Ummuhan Bardak (ETF – European Training Foundation).