Blog Series

Assessment-as-Learning: Why a lot of assessments lead to low performance on the long run.

Ever had the experience that learners forget most of what has been learned within days or within weeks? Of course, we all have. Why is this? And is there any good alternative ? This is what "Assessment-as-Learning" is about.

Some background first:

‘Assessment of learning’ assists teachers in using evidence of learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. This is referred to as ‘summative assessment'.

‘Assessment for learning’ involves teachers using evidence about students' knowledge, understanding and skills to inform their teaching or to provide better guidance to learners. This is also referred to as ‘formative assessment'.

Recent research has shown that summative assessments lead to a rather low impact in the long run, since learners tend to forget the majority of what has been learned if they do learn it in a ‘test-driven’ situation (Deslauriers et al.,2011; Dochy et al., 2018; Freeman et al., 2014; Schneider & Preckel, 2014. The same accounts for formative assessment since formative assessments are either often used summatively by teachers (e.g. by adding up scores of formative assessments to a summative score) and/or are perceived by learners as being summative in nature (and thus leading also to a rather low impact).

Assessment as Learning provides a good alternative in which we integrate learning and assessment.

Assessment as Learning’ is a way of assessing learners that is different from traditional assessment and replaces both assessment of learning and assessment for learning. In other words, it has both a summative and a formative function without the above stated disadvantages. It is used in order to prevent learners from having fear, from losing their intrinsic motivation and their interest. Assessment as Learning is aiming at being more suited to the modern times of IT and internet, at being more in line with current ways of learning, at being more reliable and providing retention of knowledge and skills on the long term and not just solely at a single testing moment.

How do you assess your learners? Do they show impact in the long run of what they learned?

Read in our next blog how to do this in practice.

Comments (7)

Julian Stanley
Open Space Member

Assessment for learning has been talked about for a long time - more than 20 years. What are the most popular ways of actually implementing Assessment for Learning - which are not too burdensome..?

FILIP DOCHY
Open Space Member

Assessment for learning has painfully missed the goal the it wanted to reach. Basically because AfL was implemented by adding more tests to the range of summative tests already used, and thus sees by learners as another type of summative tests. Therefore, since some years, we are focusing now on Assessment-as-Learning: Integrating assessment into the learning process.

Julian Stanley
Open Space Member

Thanks Filip - I wonder why we lost our way? After all if you go back to Paul Black and Dylan Wiliams' publication of 1998 - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44836144_Inside_the_Black_Box_… - they focus on issues such as feedback, marking and questioning in the classroom - that is on assessment in the learning process. However, maybe it is more important to look forward and to share examples of these kinds of practices which can be easily used by teachers without spending lots of money or time..

Sandra Mangas
Open Space Member

I use assessment for learning to assess competencies in my students. They work in a practice enterprise, in different departments (I talked about it here https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/blog-posts/entrepreneurship-ies-arca-re… and here https://openspace.etf.europa.eu/blog-posts/learning-and-skills-training…), and every month they switch departments, and we carry out a performance evaluation, simulating the real ones in any company. In this performance evaluation, we use a tool (CoRUbrics) that allows other teachers that sometimes help in the classroom, and the students, to evaluate themselves, and others, so we combine self-evaluation, co-evaluation, and evaluation. Then we meet to discuss the results, generally, there's a department meeting so that all the members of the team can learn from others' mistakes and success. When there is something not working properly, I suggest a possible way to do it better, or ask them to think about it and find ways to improve things. Also, apart from this monthly evaluation, more "formal", every week I meet with all the departments, and evaluate them in a more informal way, seeing and talking to them about what they have achieved, their goals for the week, and suggesting again "good practices" for the week to lead their way in the correct direction... It takes quite a lot of work, and I can do it because the students mostly work on their own, is part of the learning experience so they have to solve problems, learn from experience, take the initiative,... That is why I can use quite a lot of my time for assessing and guiding them, and they all understand that this assessment is part of their learning. I am just a teacher, so this is just an opinion based on my experience in the classroom, but I think my students learn because they put into practice what they only know in theory, and also because they are thrown into a situation where they get the chance to develop their competences. But to evaluate these competences, the assessment is a crucial part of the learning process, to guide their learning path.

FILIP DOCHY
Open Space Member

Nicely work Sandra! Since really the assessment is crucially embedded in the learning process and is also summative, this is in our perspective a clear example of "Assessment as Learning". Thanks for sharing!

FILIP DOCHY
Open Space Member

Sandra, Is the working in the company your main programme for the students or is that running next to an traditional programme with courses? and do you have any youtube videos in English that do illustrate your assessment approach? Would like to see that ! Thx

Sandra Mangas
Open Space Member

Hi Filip, working in a simulated company is a project that runs next to a traditional program with courses. I started using it in a module called "business simulation", which the students have in their second (and last) year at school. This module is intended to get them ready for the labour market from a double perspective: they are expected to be able to make a business plan, should they wish to start their own business, and also to experiment working in different departments. So our school joined this project, which includes an international network of more than 7.000 simulated companies, and a virtual platform, back in 2009. Since the pandemic, I started applying the project to all the modules I teach, from the first year of students in school, because it helped me to work remotely with the students, and keep them focused and motivated. And in the future, I would love that all the subjects would run around the project somehow, all the teachers collaborating together. I mean, it is possible to teach every content in our official curricula, but instead of using traditional teaching methods, we could use a learning-by-doing approach thanks to the practice enterprise. If you want to see how we work, we have several accounts on social media: this is our youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6Q5_3LS_VGJucCSmrK-lGw , Instagram https://www.instagram.com/decasarre/, Twitter https://twitter.com/DecasarreSAS, some posts are in English and other in Spanish, most of the videos are in English anyway, but I do not think there is much information about how we carry out evaluation. In this post for example I share what I am using this year for performance evaluation, but it is in Spanish I am afraid... https://twitter.com/SandeeA/status/1443947351119380480. That was the initial evaluation for the students to know what is going to be evaluated, and what is expected of them, Then I shared also in Spanish the first evaluation (we have done 3 so far) https://twitter.com/SandeeA/status/1455924418530664448. Hope this helps!


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